Egypt has recently been certified as malaria-free by the World Health Organization (WHO), marking a significant milestone in the country's healthcare journey. This achievement is the result of nearly a century of dedicated efforts by the Egyptian government and its people to combat a disease that has plagued the nation since ancient times.
Historical Context Malaria has been a persistent health issue in Egypt for thousands of years, with evidence of the disease found in ancient Egyptian mummies. The fight against malaria in Egypt began in earnest in the 1920s, with measures to reduce human-mosquito contact, such as banning rice cultivation near homes. By 1930, malaria was classified as a notifiable disease, and a control station was established to focus on diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance.
Journey to Malaria-Free Certification Egypt's journey to malaria-free certification involved several key steps. In 2001, the country had malaria under control and aimed for elimination through targeted measures. A small outbreak in Aswan in 2014 was successfully managed through early detection, treatment, vector control, and public education. Over the last decade, Egypt expanded access to health services, with 95% of the population living near primary care facilities and offered free malaria treatment.
In 2016, Egypt formed a High Committee for Integrated Vector Management to address vector-borne diseases. The country also strengthened cross-border partnerships, especially with Sudan, to prevent the re-establishment of malaria and provided essential services to migrants, including those affected by the 2023 conflict.
Financial Investment The financial investment in Egypt's malaria elimination efforts has been substantial. The country has allocated significant resources to healthcare infrastructure, vector control measures, public education campaigns, and cross-border collaborations. While exact figures are not readily available, the sustained commitment over nearly a century underscores the importance placed on eradicating malaria. The investment has not only improved public health but also contributed to broader social and economic development.
WHO Certification Process The WHO certification process for malaria elimination is rigorous and ensures that a country has interrupted local transmission and is prepared to prevent reintroduction. Egypt began the certification process after reporting zero indigenous cases for at least three consecutive years. The country prepared a National Elimination Report that outlined detailed evidence of its success in eliminating malaria, including surveillance data, vector control activities, healthcare facility capabilities, and measures for preventing re-establishment.
The WHO's Malaria Elimination Certification Panel (MECP) reviewed the report and conducted field visits to verify its findings. After thorough evaluation, the panel submitted a recommendation to the WHO Director-General, who decided to grant Egypt malaria-free certification.
Impact and Future Steps Egypt's malaria-free status is a testament to the commitment of its people and government to rid themselves of this ancient scourge. Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, congratulated Egypt on this historic achievement and emphasized the importance of maintaining high standards for surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, and integrated vector management.
Egypt's success serves as an inspiration to other countries in the region and demonstrates what is possible with the right resources and tools. The country's continued efforts to sustain its malaria-free status will be critical in protecting the health of its population and preventing the reintroduction of the disease.
Statistics malaria has steadily declined over the years, leading to zero indigenous cases in 2022 and 2023. This consistent reduction in malaria cases is a testament to Egypt's effective public health strategies and sustained efforts.
Conclusion Egypt's achievement of malaria-free status is a significant milestone in the country's healthcare and social development journey. It highlights the importance of sustained efforts, strong partnerships, and a commitment to public health. As Egypt moves forward, it will continue to build on this success and work towards further improving its healthcare system and overall well-being of its people.
References
- https://www.who.int/news/item/20-10-2024-egypt-is-certified-malaria-free-by-who