Large Language Models Evolution

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been a significant development in the field of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI). Here is a simplified overview of the evolution of LLMs:

LLM Evolution, Source: arxiv.org/abs/2304.13712v2

1. Early NLP Systems (Pre-2010): Before the era of LLMs, NLP systems relied on rule-based approaches and statistical models. These systems had limited capabilities and struggled with understanding context and generating human-like text.

2. Introduction of Neural Networks (2010s): The breakthrough came with the resurgence of neural networks and deep learning in the early 2010s. This led to the development of more sophisticated NLP models.

3. Rise of Word Embeddings (2013): Word embeddings, like Word2Vec and GloVe, were introduced. These models could represent words in dense vector spaces, capturing semantic relationships between words.

4. Sequence-to-Sequence Models (2014): Models like Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks improved tasks like machine translation and text summarization. However, these were still not true LLMs.

5. GPT-1 (2018): The release of "Generative Pre-trained Transformer 1" (GPT-1) by OpenAI marked a significant milestone. GPT-1 was pre-trained on a massive amount of text data and could generate coherent and contextually relevant text. It had 117 million parameters.

6. BERT (2018): Google introduced BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), which achieved state-of-the-art results on various NLP tasks. BERT improved contextual understanding by considering both left and right context.

7. GPT-2 (2019): OpenAI released GPT-2, a larger and more capable version of its predecessor. It had 1.5 billion parameters but was initially considered "too dangerous" to release at full scale due to concerns about its potential misuse.

8. GPT-3 (2020): GPT-3, with 175 billion parameters, is one of the largest LLMs to date. It demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, powering a wide range of applications, from chatbots to content generation.

9. Specialized Models: Beyond GPT-3, specialized LLMs emerged, such as T5 (Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer), RoBERTa, and XLNet, each fine-tuned for specific NLP tasks.

10. Ethical and Societal Concerns: The rapid development of LLMs raised concerns about ethical use, bias in AI, and the potential to spread misinformation.

11. Continued Research: Research in LLMs continues to evolve, focusing on improving efficiency, reducing biases, and addressing ethical concerns.

12. Future Trends: The future of LLMs includes even larger models, more fine-tuning, addressing biases, and ensuring responsible AI development.

The evolution of LLMs has revolutionized the field of NLP, enabling more accurate and context-aware natural language understanding and generation. However, it also brings challenges that need to be carefully managed to ensure responsible and ethical use.

git command to discard/reset a file changes

When we make some change in an existing file, but that change doesnt go for commit, in this situation we have to reset the file with the last commit or undo the file changes. For undo and reset a file in git use this got command.

git command to reset a file: git checkout <file path /filename>

How to delete a remaining or unwanted node on publish/preview | AEM aa CS

When a page or content unpublished from AEM author to publish or preview and somehow that is not get deleted from publish server and after publish we deleted the content node from author then we can't do unpublish agian and come at a situation where we need to manually delete the node from publish instance. But AEM CS come with a new feature in distribution to unpublish the content or page agian on the publish and preview instance. Below are the steps to delete the unwanted or unpublished content nodes in AEM publish using AEM author.

Login to AEM aa CS
Go to > Tools > Deployment > Distribution
Here you will see two options, publish and preview
Select the required instance from where node deletion required
This will open a new window. Here go to Distribute tab and scroll down at reach at the end of the page. Select the action Add node or Delete. Then, in Path Browse select the path that we need to add or delete. After that click on Submit button.

References

https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-cloud-kcs/kbarticles/KA-22828.html

Important Indian Freedom Movements between 1857 to 1947

The struggle for Indian independence from British colonial rule was a protracted and multifaceted movement that spanned several decades. Here's a detailed article summarizing the major freedom movements, their leaders, timeframes, locations, and impacts:

1. The First War of Independence (1857-1858):

- Leader: The uprising had no single leader but was led by various regional leaders and sepoys (Indian soldiers in British service).

- Location: The revolt began in Meerut and quickly spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi, and other regions.

- Impact: Although it was suppressed by the British, it marked the beginning of organized resistance against British rule.

2. Indian National Congress (1885):

- Leader: Allan Octavian Hume played a key role in founding the Indian National Congress (INC), and early leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, A.O. Hume, Dinshaw Wacha, and others.

- Location: Formed in Bombay (now Mumbai).

- Impact: The INC became the principal political party advocating for India's independence. It facilitated the emergence of leaders like Gandhi and Nehru.

3. Partition of Bengal (1905):

- Leader: The movement was led by leaders like Lord Curzon and Rabindranath Tagore.

- Location: Mainly in Bengal.

- Impact: The protest against the partition led to its reversal in 1911. It fostered a sense of unity among Bengalis and fueled the independence movement.

4. Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908):

- Leader: The movement was led by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai.

- Location: Primarily in Bengal, but it had a nationwide impact.

- Impact: It advocated for the boycott of foreign goods and aimed to promote Indian industries, fostering a spirit of self-reliance.

5. Ghadar Movement (1913-1918):

- Leader: Leaders included Lala Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna.

- Location: Centered in the United States and Canada but had supporters in India.

- Impact: The Ghadar Party aimed at armed rebellion against British rule and inspired a sense of patriotism among Indian expatriates.

6. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922):

- Leader: Mahatma Gandhi was the prominent leader of this movement.

- Location: Nationwide.

- Impact: Although it was suspended in 1922 due to violent incidents, it garnered mass support and demonstrated the power of non-violent resistance.

7. Khilafat Movement (1919-1924):

- Leaders: The Khilafat Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and Shaukat Ali, among others.

- Location: The movement had a significant presence in various parts of India.

- Impact: The Khilafat Movement aimed to protest against the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the removal of the caliph's powers. It marked a significant point of Hindu-Muslim unity in the freedom struggle.

8. Chauri Chaura Incident (1922):

- Leader: This incident was not led by a specific leader but involved local protesters.

- Location: Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh.

- Impact: The incident led to Gandhi suspending the Non-Cooperation Movement temporarily as he felt that it had taken a violent turn.

9. Bardoli Satyagraha (1928):

- Leader: Vallabhbhai Patel, also known as the "Iron Man of India," led this movement.

- Location: Bardoli, Gujarat.

- Impact: It was a successful struggle against unfair taxation by the British, making Patel a prominent figure in the independence movement.

10. Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934):

- Leader: Mahatma Gandhi spearheaded this movement.

- Location: Nationwide, with the famous Salt March to Dandi.

- Impact: This movement called for the refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of the British government. It involved acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience, including the famous Salt March. The movement contributed significantly to India's quest for independence.

11. Quit India Movement (1942):

- Leader: Mahatma Gandhi, with support from other INC leaders.

- Location: Nationwide.

- Impact: Despite the brutal suppression, it increased pressure on the British to leave India after World War II.

12. Royal Indian Navy Mutiny (1946):

- Leader: The mutiny was led by naval ratings and was spontaneous.

- Location: Primarily in Bombay, Karachi, and Calcutta.

- Impact: The mutiny demonstrated the discontent among Indian soldiers and sailors, hastening the British decision to leave India.

13. Mountbatten Plan and Independence (1947):

- Leader: Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last British Viceroy of India, played a crucial role.

- Location: Nationwide.

- Impact: The Mountbatten Plan led to the partition of India into India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947.

14. INA (Indian National Army) and Subhas Chandra Bose (1942-1945):

- Leader: Subhas Chandra Bose led the INA, with support from Japanese forces.

- Location: Southeast Asia, particularly Singapore and Burma.

- Impact: The INA aimed to free India from British rule with the slogan "Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom."

15. Partition and Independence (1947):

- Leader: Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of independent India, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan.

- Location: India and Pakistan.

- Impact: India finally gained independence, but it was accompanied by the traumatic partition, resulting in communal violence and displacement.

These movements, leaders, and events collectively shaped India's path to independence. They demonstrated the determination, resilience, and unity of the Indian people in their quest for freedom from British colonial rule.

ForcedResourceType

The @via type ForcedResourceType in Sling MOdels creates a wrapped resource with the provided resource type. If the adaptable is a SlingHttpServletRequest, a wrapped request is created as well to contain the wrapped resource.

e.g. @Via(value = "jcr:content", type = ForcedResourceType.class)

References:

https://sling.apache.org/documentation/bundles/models.html#via-types

https://developer.adobe.com/experience-manager/reference-materials/6-5/javadoc/org/apache/sling/models/annotations/via/ForcedResourceType.html#ForcedResourceType--

How to customize search filters or predicates in AEM search form?

The AEM Search or Asset Filters panel showcases search facets established within the underlying search form through predicates. To introduce additional or varied facets, you can incorporate predicates into the default form or opt for a customized form containing the facets of your preference.

You may visit the AEM documentation "Adding a Predicate" for the detail step by step documentation on this.

Link: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/experience-manager-65/assets/administer/search-facets.html?lang=en#adding-a-predicate

What is Astrology and what all are branches of Astrology?

Astrology is a belief system that suggests a connection between the positions and movements of celestial bodies, such as planets and stars, and events on Earth, including human personality and destiny. It is not considered a science but rather a pseudoscience.

There are several branches of astrology, each focusing on different aspects and methods of interpretation. Some of the main branches include:

Chinese Astrology: Unlike Western astrology, Chinese astrology is based on the Chinese lunar calendar and assigns animal signs to individuals based on their birth year. It provides insights into personality traits, compatibility, and life paths.
Esoteric Astrology: Rooted in the teachings of Theosophy, esoteric astrology delves into the spiritual and soul-centered aspects of a person's birth chart. It explores a person's evolutionary journey and soul purpose.
Electional Astrology: This branch helps individuals choose auspicious times for important events or activities in their lives, such as weddings, business ventures, or surgeries. It involves selecting the most favorable planetary alignments for a particular purpose.
Eclipses and Lunations: Some astrologers specialize in interpreting the significance of solar and lunar eclipses, as well as the phases of the Moon (new moon, full moon, etc.). These events are believed to have a powerful impact on personal and global events.
Financial Astrology: Financial astrologers analyze the positions of planets to make predictions about financial markets and economic trends. Investors and traders sometimes use astrological insights in their decision-making.
Fixed Star Astrology: Fixed stars are distant celestial objects that have been studied for centuries. Fixed star astrology considers the influence of these stars on an individual's birth chart, adding extra layers of meaning to the planetary positions.
Heliocentric Astrology: In traditional astrology, charts are typically cast from a geocentric perspective, considering Earth as the center. Heliocentric astrology, on the other hand, views the Sun as the center, and planetary positions are calculated accordingly.
Horary Astrology: Horary astrology involves answering specific questions by casting a chart for the moment the question is asked. Astrologers interpret the chart to provide answers and insights into the querent's inquiry.
Karmic Astrology: This branch focuses on the idea of reincarnation and past-life connections. Karmic astrologers believe that your birth chart can reveal karmic lessons and patterns from previous lifetimes.
Locational Astrology: Also known as astrocartography, this type of astrology examines how your birth chart relates to different geographic locations. It's used to determine places where you might find career success, love, or personal growth.
Modern Psychological Astrology: This approach combines astrology with psychology to explore an individual's inner world, motivations, and psychological patterns. It's often associated with the work of Carl Jung and focuses on self-awareness and personal growth.
Mundane Astrology: Mundane astrology is concerned with predicting world events and the fate of nations. Astrologers analyze the positions of celestial bodies to make forecasts about geopolitical issues, natural disasters, and societal trends.
Medical Astrology: This branch examines the influence of celestial bodies on an individual's health and well-being. It is used to identify potential health issues and recommend remedies or preventive measures.
Natal Astrology: This is the most common form of astrology and involves creating a birth chart, or horoscope, based on the exact date, time, and place of a person's birth. It is used to gain insights into an individual's personality, strengths, weaknesses, and life path.
Numerology: While not astrology in the traditional sense, numerology is often considered a related discipline. Numerologists assign meaning to numbers and use them to analyze personality traits, life paths, and compatibility.
Synastry and Compatibility: Astrologers who specialize in synastry analyze the compatibility between individuals, particularly in romantic relationships. They compare and interpret the birth charts of couples to assess compatibility and potential challenges.
Vedic Astrology (Jyotish): Vedic astrology, also known as Jyotish, is an ancient form of astrology practiced in India. It includes various systems and techniques for chart interpretation and prediction, often based on lunar signs and constellations.
Western and Eastern Astrology: These are broad categories that encompass various sub-branches and regional practices of astrology. Western astrology is based on the zodiac signs, while Eastern astrology includes systems like Chinese and Vedic astrology.

These specialized branches cater to different interests and beliefs within the broader field of astrology. Keep in mind that astrology, in all its forms, is often regarded as a form of divination or personal insight rather than a scientifically proven practice. People may choose the type of astrology that resonates most with their beliefs and interests.

Observational Astronomy: A Journey Through the Stars

Observational astronomy, often referred to as "star-gazing," is one of the oldest and most fundamental sciences in human history. It involves the study of celestial objects(also known as heavenly bodies), including stars, planets, galaxies, and other cosmic phenomena, through careful observation and data collection. This branch of science has deep roots, a rich history, and continues to play a crucial role in our understanding of the universe. In this blog post, we will explore the origins of observational astronomy, its profound impact on the world and science, and its current state.

The Birth of Observational Astronomy

Observational astronomy has its origins in ancient civilizations, where early humans were captivated by the night sky and the luminous objects that adorned it. The first astronomers were primarily interested in tracking the motions of celestial bodies for practical purposes, such as agriculture and navigation. Ancient cultures, including the Egyptians, Babylonians, and Mayans, developed rudimentary methods for predicting astronomical events like eclipses and solstices.

However, it was the ancient Greeks who made significant strides in transforming astronomy into a scientific discipline. Greek philosophers like Thales, Pythagoras, and Aristotle contributed to early astronomical thought. But it was Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer who lived in Alexandria during the 2nd century, who is often credited with formulating the geocentric model of the universe. According to Ptolemy, Earth was at the center, and celestial bodies moved in complex, interconnected orbits around it.

The Copernican Revolution

The geocentric model proposed by Ptolemy remained the prevailing view for over a thousand years. However, the Renaissance period brought about a profound shift in astronomical thought. In the 16th century, the Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus challenged the geocentric model with his heliocentric theory. Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not Earth, was at the center of the solar system, and the planets, including Earth, revolved around it.

This groundbreaking idea set the stage for a scientific revolution. It wasn't until the early 17th century when Galileo Galilei, using a telescope he designed, made groundbreaking astronomical observations. He observed the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and the mountains on the Moon, providing compelling evidence for the heliocentric model. This marked a turning point in the history of observational astronomy, as it demonstrated the power of using telescopic instruments for studying celestial objects.

The Impact on Science and the World

The advent of observational astronomy had a profound impact on both science and the world at large. Here are some key contributions and consequences:

Advancements in Navigation: Accurate observations of celestial objects, especially the stars, played a crucial role in improving navigation for sailors. Celestial navigation using the positions of stars allowed for more accurate sea voyages and exploration.
Understanding Earth's Place in the Universe: The shift from the geocentric to the heliocentric model revolutionized our understanding of our place in the cosmos. It laid the foundation for modern astronomy and cosmology.
Scientific Method: Observational astronomy helped establish the scientific method—a systematic approach to empirical investigation. This method became a template for how scientific inquiries should be conducted in all fields.
Space Exploration: Observational astronomy contributed to the development of space exploration. Telescopes and observatories have been instrumental in studying other planets, galaxies, and cosmic phenomena.

Observational Astronomy Today

In the present day, observational astronomy has evolved dramatically. Modern observatories, both ground-based and space-based, equipped with highly advanced telescopes and instruments, continue to expand our understanding of the universe. Astronomers now study black holes, dark matter, exoplanets, and the cosmic microwave background radiation, among other topics.

Additionally, the use of technology has revolutionized data collection and analysis. Big data and computer modeling have become essential tools in processing and interpreting the vast amount of astronomical data generated daily.

Observational astronomy is not limited to professionals. Amateur astronomers, armed with telescopes and passion, make significant contributions to the field by discovering comets, monitoring variable stars, and even assisting in the search for near-Earth objects.

Conclusion

Observational astronomy has come a long way from its humble beginnings among ancient civilizations. It has transformed our understanding of the universe, our planet's place within it, and our approach to scientific inquiry. As technology continues to advance, observational astronomy remains at the forefront of scientific discovery, unveiling the mysteries of the cosmos one observation at a time.

What is Astronomy and the types of Astronomy?

Astronomy is a natural science that focuses on the study of celestial objects and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere. It seeks to understand the universe, its origins, evolution, and the various objects within it, such as stars, planets, galaxies, and cosmic phenomena. Astronomy can be divided into several subfields or types, each with its own specific focus and methods of study. Here are some of the primary branches or types of astronomy:

1. Observational Astronomy: This branch involves the direct observation of celestial objects using telescopes, detectors, and other instruments. Observational astronomers collect data on the positions, motions, brightness, and spectra of celestial objects to learn more about them.

2. Theoretical Astronomy: Theoretical astronomers use mathematical models, simulations, and computer programs to develop theories and explanations for astronomical phenomena. They often work alongside observational astronomers to interpret data and make predictions.

3. Astrophysics: Astrophysics is the study of the physical properties and behaviors of celestial objects. It aims to understand the underlying physical processes that govern the behavior of stars, galaxies, black holes, and other cosmic entities.

4. Cosmology: Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and overall structure of the universe. Cosmologists seek to understand the large-scale properties of the universe, including its expansion, composition, and ultimate fate.

5. Planetary Science: Planetary scientists focus on the study of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other objects within our solar system. They investigate their geological, atmospheric, and surface properties.

6. Stellar Astronomy: This branch concentrates on the study of stars. Stellar astronomers analyze the life cycles, properties, and classifications of stars, including their formation, evolution, and eventual demise.

7. Galactic Astronomy: Galactic astronomers explore the structure and behavior of galaxies. They investigate the distribution of galaxies in the universe, galaxy formation, and the dynamics of galactic systems.

8. Exoplanetary Science: Exoplanetary scientists study planets that exist outside our solar system, known as exoplanets. They search for habitable planets and assess their potential for hosting life.

9. High-Energy Astronomy: This field focuses on the study of high-energy phenomena in the universe, such as gamma-ray bursts, cosmic rays, and X-ray emissions from celestial objects like black holes and neutron stars.

10. Radio Astronomy: Radio astronomers use radio telescopes to detect and analyze radio waves emitted by celestial objects. This type of astronomy allows for the study of objects that may not emit visible light.

11. Astrobiology: Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the potential for life beyond Earth. Scientists in this field explore extremophiles on Earth and search for conditions suitable for life on other planets.

12. Solar Astronomy: Solar astronomers study the Sun, including its surface, outer layers, and solar activity. They observe solar phenomena like sunspots, solar flares, and solar wind.

These various branches of astronomy work together to provide a comprehensive understanding of the universe and its many mysteries. Advances in technology, such as powerful telescopes and space missions, continue to expand our knowledge of the cosmos, making astronomy an exciting and evolving field of scientific inquiry.

How to Install AEM service pack?

To install the service pack on an Adobe Experience Manager 6.5 instance, follow these steps:

Restart the instance before installation if the instance is in update mode (and this is the case when the instance was updated from an earlier version). Adobe also recommends a restart if the current uptime for an instance is high.
Before installing, take a snapshot or a fresh backup of your Experience Manager instance.
Download the latest service pack or service pack that you want to install from Software Distribution.
Open Package Manager and click Upload Package to upload the package. To know more, see Package Manager.
Select the package and click Install.

Validate installation

The product information page (/system/console/productinfo) displays the updated version string Adobe Experience Manager (6.5.8.0) under Installed Products.

All OSGi bundles are either ACTIVE or FRAGMENT in the OSGi Console (Use Web Console: /system/console/bundles).

The OSGi bundle org.apache.jackrabbit.oak-core is version 1.22.3 or later (Use Web Console: /system/console/bundles)

Detected unclosed archive

[ERROR] org.apache.jackrabbit.vault.fs.io.AbstractArchive - Detected unclosed archive. To figure out where it has been opened set the Java System property 'vault.enableStackTraces' to 'true'

Top 10 Halal tourist destinations in the world - 2023

Muslims are looking for a tourist destination where they don't involve or see the Haram things. Thats why majority of Islamic states started Halal tourism which is free from all kinds of Haram things like Haram foods, Haram drinks, Haram activities, and gambling. Here is the list of top 10 Halal tourist destinations and Muslim majority cities in the world.

Mecca, Saudi Arabia - The holiest city in Islam, site of the Kaaba and the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Non-Muslims cannot enter.
Medina, Saudi Arabia - The second holiest city with the Prophet's Mosque. Significant for Islamic history.
Istanbul, Turkey - A major historic Islamic city with stunning mosques like the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia.
Dubai, UAE - Glitzy modern city with world-class hotels, restaurants, shopping, and entertainment that caters to Muslim travelers.
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Cosmopolitan city with towering Petronas Towers, delicious halal food, and Islamic arts.
Marrakesh, Morocco - Vibrant imperial city known for mosques, souks, and being welcoming to Muslim tourists.
Baku, Azerbaijan - The "City of Winds" on the Caspian Sea has a historic Islamic old city and modern amenities.
Doha, Qatar - Ultra-modern Gulf city with Islamic Architecture, Museum of Islamic Art, and Muslim-friendly services.
Amman, Jordan - Historic Jordanian city with numerous ancient mosques and sites like the Citadel hill.
Sarajevo, Bosnia - Stunning Ottoman-influenced architecture and Islamic religious sites in the heart of the Balkans.

Top 10 best tourist destinations in the world - latest 2023

Here are some of the top best tourist destinations in the world:

Paris, France - Iconic for its romantic ambiance, architecture, cafes, and historic sites like the Eiffel Tower and Louvre Museum.
London, England - Bustling global city with world-class museums, royal sites like Buckingham Palace, and vibrant multiculturalism.
Rome, Italy - Known for ancient ruins like the Colosseum and Forum, as well as Vatican City and Italian food and wine.
New York City, USA - Dense metropolis famous for landmarks like Times Square, Statue of Liberty, Broadway shows, and food.
Bali, Indonesia - Tropical island getaway with beautiful beaches, lush jungles, Hindu temples, and a unique culture.
Santorini, Greece - Stunning cliffside Greek island in the Aegean Sea with whitewashed villages and blue-domed buildings.
Bangkok, Thailand - Lively city in Southeast Asia with ornate shrines, vibrant street markets, and excellent Thai cuisine.
Madrid, Spain - Epicenter of Spanish culture with tasty tapas, artistic museums like the Prado, and lively plazas.
Sydney, Australia - Coastal Aussie city with the iconic Opera House, Bondi Beach, and nearby national parks.
Cape Town, South Africa - Scenic port city with Table Mountain vistas, African penguin colonies, and wine regions.

StaleElementReferenceException: stale element not found

org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException: stale element reference: stale element not found

(Session info: chrome=116.0.5845.140)

For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/troubleshooting/errors#stale-element-reference-exception

Build info: version: '4.11.0', revision: '040bc5406b'

System info: os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '11.0.16.1'

Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver

Arakkal Kingdom of India

Introduction

India's rich history is a tapestry woven with the stories of various dynasties and kingdoms, each with its unique legacy. Among the lesser-known yet fascinating chapters in Indian history is the Arakkal Kingdom. Situated in the picturesque Malabar Coast of Kerala, the Arakkal Kingdom stands as a testament to the region's cultural diversity and historical significance.

The Origins of Arakkal Kingdom

The Arakkal dynasty traces its roots to the 16th century when it was founded by Ali Raja, the nephew of the last Kolathiri King of Malabar. The kingdom's establishment was a result of Ali Raja's remarkable naval skills and his alliance with the British East India Company. This collaboration allowed the Arakkal rulers to maintain a degree of autonomy over their coastal territories while acknowledging British suzerainty.

List of notable rulers of the Arakkal Kingdom

There are various Ali Raja or Queen rules the Kigndom, here we have listed some of the rulers from history.

1. Ali Raja Kunhi Amsa II (c. 1760–1782): Ali Raja Kunhi Amsa II was one of the prominent rulers of the Arakkal Kingdom. His reign was marked by significant achievements in trade and diplomacy.

2. Ali Raja Abdu Raja (c. 1782–1798): Ali Raja Abdu Raja succeeded Kunhi Amsa II and continued the kingdom's maritime activities and trade relations with various colonial powers.

3. Ali Raja Raja Raja (c. 1798–1825): Ali Raja Raja Raja, also known as Ali Raja Beevi, was a notable queen who ruled the Arakkal Kingdom during a significant part of the 19th century.

4. Ali Raja Kerala Varma (c. 1861–1900): Ali Raja Kerala Varma played a crucial role in the kingdom's relations with the British colonial authorities. His reign witnessed various changes and challenges.

5. Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II (c. 1900–1911): Queen Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II succeeded Kerala Varma and was known for her progressive outlook and efforts to promote education.

6. Ali Raja Beevi (c. 1911–1921): Another prominent queen, Ali Raja Beevi, ruled during a period of significant political and social changes.

7. Ali Raja Pathumma Beevi (c. 1921–1931): Ali Raja Pathumma Beevi's reign marked the later years of the Arakkal Kingdom as it faced external pressures from colonial powers and the changing political landscape.

8. Ali Raja Raja Ali (c. 1931–1946): Ali Raja Raja Ali, the last ruler of the Arakkal Kingdom, witnessed the integration of the kingdom into the Indian state of Kerala after India's independence in 1947.

Unique Matriarchal Succession

One of the most distinctive features of the Arakkal dynasty is its system of matriarchal succession. In a time when most Indian kingdoms followed male primogeniture, the Arakkal rulers passed the throne to the eldest female member of the family. This progressive practice set the Arakkal dynasty apart and has fascinated historians and sociologists alike.

Arakkal Queens

Several remarkable queens ruled the Arakkal Kingdom during its existence. Among them, Queen Aysha Bai is particularly renowned for her leadership and diplomatic skills. Her reign marked a period of stability and prosperity for the kingdom. The Arakkal queens played pivotal roles in trade, diplomacy, and the administration of their coastal realm.

Naval Prowess and Trade

The Arakkal rulers were known for their formidable naval forces. They controlled a powerful fleet that patrolled the Arabian Sea and protected their coastal territories from threats. The kingdom's strategic location on the Malabar Coast facilitated trade relations with various European powers, including the British, Portuguese, and Dutch. Spices, timber, and other valuable commodities were traded through the Arakkal ports, contributing to the region's economic growth.

Cultural Diversity and Syncretism

The Arakkal Kingdom was a melting pot of cultures and religions. Its population included Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Jews, among others. This diversity led to a unique cultural syncretism, where traditions and festivals from different faiths coexisted harmoniously. The Arakkal rulers were known for their tolerance and support of various religious practices.

Decline and Integration

The decline of the Arakkal Kingdom began in the 19th century when it faced internal strife and external pressures from colonial powers. Eventually, in 1947, with India's independence, the kingdom was integrated into the newly formed Indian state of Kerala. The last ruler, Arakkal Mohammad Ali Raja, continued to be respected in the region for his efforts to promote education and social welfare.

Preserving the Legacy

Today, remnants of the Arakkal Kingdom's heritage can still be found in Kerala. The Arakkal Palace, located in Kannur, stands as a symbol of this once-great kingdom. It has been converted into a museum, showcasing artifacts, documents, and memorabilia from the Arakkal dynasty. The palace and museum provide a glimpse into the kingdom's history, its rulers, and the unique culture that thrived there.

Conclusion

The Arakkal Kingdom of India, with its matriarchal succession, naval prowess, and cultural diversity, remains a captivating chapter in the nation's history. It serves as a reminder of the intricate tapestry of India's past and the remarkable legacies left by its lesser-known dynasties. Exploring the Arakkal Kingdom offers a fascinating journey into a world where tradition and progress coexisted in harmony.

What is the best accessible element for open/close a modal?

Putting empty href attribute in anchor element is not good practice of accessibility friendly. Hence, button is the right element to handle the open and close a modal or dialog.

e.g. <a href="#">X</a> // not good

<button id="modal-toggle">X</button> // right way to create

Now, create a handler function to handle the open and close with button id.

ScriptEvaluationException AEM when browsing the page with wcmmode=disabled

Error

Getting error org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException when try to browse the AEM page with wcmmode=disabled.

org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException

ScriptEvaluationException AEM

Log

13.09.2023 08:05:11.332 *ERROR* [[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1] [1694572511181] GET /content/br/en.html HTTP/1.1] org.apache.sling.engine.impl.SlingRequestProcessorImpl service: Uncaught SlingException

org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.SightlyException: org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException:

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.WCMScriptHelper.includeScript(WCMScriptHelper.java:227) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.internal.extensions.IncludeExtension.call(IncludeExtension.java:72) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.impl.engine.runtime.RenderContextImpl.call(RenderContextImpl.java:77) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly:1.1.2.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.apps.br.components.page.contentpage.contentpage_html.render(contentpage_html.java:87)

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.render.RenderUnit.render(RenderUnit.java:50) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.runtime:1.1.0.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.impl.engine.SightlyCompiledScript.eval(SightlyCompiledScript.java:60) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly:1.1.2.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.call(DefaultSlingScript.java:386) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.eval(DefaultSlingScript.java:184) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.service(DefaultSlingScript.java:491) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.request.RequestData.service(RequestData.java:570) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.SlingComponentFilterChain.render(SlingComponentFilterChain.java:45) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:82) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMDeveloperModeFilter.doFilter(WCMDeveloperModeFilter.java:119) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMDebugFilter.doFilter(WCMDebugFilter.java:138) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.acs.commons.granite.ui.components.impl.include.IncludeDecoratorFilterImpl.doFilter(IncludeDecoratorFilterImpl.java:92) [com.adobe.acs.acs-aem-commons-bundle:5.2.0]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMComponentFilter.doFilter(WCMComponentFilter.java:278) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.page.PageLockFilter.doFilter(PageLockFilter.java:91) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.personalization.impl.TargetComponentFilter.doFilter(TargetComponentFilter.java:94) [com.day.cq.cq-personalization:5.12.44]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.csrf.impl.CSRFFilter.doFilter(CSRFFilter.java:217) [com.adobe.granite.csrf:1.0.20.CQ650-B0002]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.SlingRequestProcessorImpl.processComponent(SlingRequestProcessorImpl.java:283) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.SlingRequestProcessorImpl.dispatchRequest(SlingRequestProcessorImpl.java:323) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.request.SlingRequestDispatcher.dispatch(SlingRequestDispatcher.java:211) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.request.SlingRequestDispatcher.include(SlingRequestDispatcher.java:104) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMComponentFilter$ForwardRequestDispatcher.include(WCMComponentFilter.java:516) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.jsp.libs.cq.Page.Page_jsp._jspService(Page_jsp.java:117)

at org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70) [org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp:2.3.6]

at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:725) [org.apache.felix.http.servlet-api:1.1.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:502) [org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp:2.3.6]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:449) [org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp:2.3.6]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp.JspScriptEngineFactory.callJsp(JspScriptEngineFactory.java:339) [org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp:2.3.6]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp.JspScriptEngineFactory.access$100(JspScriptEngineFactory.java:97) [org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp:2.3.6]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp.JspScriptEngineFactory$JspScriptEngine.eval(JspScriptEngineFactory.java:600) [org.apache.sling.scripting.jsp:2.3.6]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.call(DefaultSlingScript.java:388) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.eval(DefaultSlingScript.java:184) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.service(DefaultSlingScript.java:491) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.request.RequestData.service(RequestData.java:570) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.SlingComponentFilterChain.render(SlingComponentFilterChain.java:45) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:82) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMDebugFilter.doFilter(WCMDebugFilter.java:138) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMComponentFilter.filterRootInclude(WCMComponentFilter.java:375) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMComponentFilter.doFilter(WCMComponentFilter.java:190) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.page.PageLockFilter.doFilter(PageLockFilter.java:91) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.personalization.impl.TargetComponentFilter.doFilter(TargetComponentFilter.java:94) [com.day.cq.cq-personalization:5.12.44]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.SlingRequestProcessorImpl.processComponent(SlingRequestProcessorImpl.java:283) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.RequestSlingFilterChain.render(RequestSlingFilterChain.java:49) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:76) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:78) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.warp.TimeWarpFilter.doFilter(TimeWarpFilter.java:109) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.cq.social.ugcbase.security.impl.SaferSlingPostServlet.doFilter(SaferSlingPostServlet.java:114) [com.adobe.cq.social.cq-social-ugcbase-impl:2.5.2]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:78) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.dam.core.impl.assetlinkshare.AdhocAssetShareAuthHandler.doFilter(AdhocAssetShareAuthHandler.java:434) [com.day.cq.dam.cq-dam-core:5.12.296]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:78) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.dam.core.impl.servlet.ActivityRecordHandler.doFilter(ActivityRecordHandler.java:141) [com.day.cq.dam.cq-dam-core:5.12.296]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.rest.impl.servlet.ApiResourceFilter.doFilter(ApiResourceFilter.java:70) [com.adobe.granite.rest.api:1.1.16.CQ650-B0005]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.requests.logging.impl.RequestLoggerImpl.doFilter(RequestLoggerImpl.java:134) [com.adobe.granite.requests.logging:1.0.20]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.rest.assets.impl.AssetContentDispositionFilter.doFilter(AssetContentDispositionFilter.java:96) [com.adobe.granite.rest.assets:1.0.58]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.AuthoringUIModeServiceImpl.doFilter(AuthoringUIModeServiceImpl.java:297) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.mobile.core.impl.redirect.RedirectFilter.doFilter(RedirectFilter.java:248) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-mobile-core:5.11.10]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.aem.community.core.filters.LoggingFilter.doFilter(LoggingFilter.java:56) [repWorkflow.core:1.0.0.SNAPSHOT]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.debug.RequestProgressTrackerLogFilter.doFilter(RequestProgressTrackerLogFilter.java:110) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.cq.social.commons.cors.CORSAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(CORSAuthenticationFilter.java:91) [com.adobe.cq.social.cq-social-commons:1.10.82]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.foundation.forms.FormsHandlingServletHelper.handleFilter(FormsHandlingServletHelper.java:226) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-foundation:5.12.38]

at com.day.cq.wcm.foundation.forms.impl.FormsHandlingServlet.doFilter(FormsHandlingServlet.java:138) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-foundation:5.12.38]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.optout.impl.OptOutFilter.doFilter(OptOutFilter.java:76) [com.adobe.granite.optout:1.0.0]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.foundation.forms.FormsHandlingServletHelper.handleFilter(FormsHandlingServletHelper.java:226) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-foundation:5.12.38]

at com.adobe.cq.wcm.core.components.internal.servlets.CoreFormHandlingServlet.doFilter(CoreFormHandlingServlet.java:126) [com.adobe.cq.core.wcm.components.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.acs.commons.wcm.impl.AemEnvironmentIndicatorFilter$InnerEnvironmentIndicatorFilter.doFilter(AemEnvironmentIndicatorFilter.java:463) [com.adobe.acs.acs-aem-commons-bundle:5.2.0]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.day.cq.wcm.core.impl.WCMRequestFilter.doFilter(WCMRequestFilter.java:90) [com.day.cq.wcm.cq-wcm-core:5.12.164]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.cq.history.impl.HistoryRequestFilter.doFilter(HistoryRequestFilter.java:122) [com.adobe.cq.cq-history:5.10.6]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.rewriter.impl.RewriterFilter.doFilter(RewriterFilter.java:87) [org.apache.sling.rewriter:1.2.2]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.httpcache.impl.InnerCacheFilter.doFilter(InnerCacheFilter.java:81) [com.adobe.granite.httpcache.core:1.0.8]

at com.adobe.granite.httpcache.impl.InnerCacheFilter.doFilter(InnerCacheFilter.java:60) [com.adobe.granite.httpcache.core:1.0.8]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.i18n.impl.I18NFilter.doFilter(I18NFilter.java:131) [org.apache.sling.i18n:2.5.14]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.csrf.impl.CSRFFilter.doFilter(CSRFFilter.java:217) [com.adobe.granite.csrf:1.0.20.CQ650-B0002]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.security.impl.ContentDispositionFilter.doFilter(ContentDispositionFilter.java:152) [org.apache.sling.security:1.1.16]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:78) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at com.adobe.granite.resourceresolverhelper.impl.ResourceResolverHelperImpl.doFilter(ResourceResolverHelperImpl.java:83) [com.adobe.granite.resourceresolverhelper:1.0.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.filter.AbstractSlingFilterChain.doFilter(AbstractSlingFilterChain.java:72) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.SlingRequestProcessorImpl.doProcessRequest(SlingRequestProcessorImpl.java:151) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.SlingMainServlet.service(SlingMainServlet.java:250) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.ServletHandler.handle(ServletHandler.java:123) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:86) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at com.adobe.acs.commons.wcm.impl.AemEnvironmentIndicatorFilter.doFilter(AemEnvironmentIndicatorFilter.java:218) [com.adobe.acs.acs-aem-commons-bundle:5.2.0]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.FilterHandler.handle(FilterHandler.java:142) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:81) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at com.adobe.granite.license.impl.LicenseCheckFilter.doFilter(LicenseCheckFilter.java:308) [com.adobe.granite.license:1.2.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.FilterHandler.handle(FilterHandler.java:142) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:81) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.sling.i18n.impl.I18NFilter.doFilter(I18NFilter.java:131) [org.apache.sling.i18n:2.5.14]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.FilterHandler.handle(FilterHandler.java:142) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:81) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.sling.featureflags.impl.FeatureManager.doFilter(FeatureManager.java:116) [org.apache.sling.featureflags:1.2.2]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.FilterHandler.handle(FilterHandler.java:142) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:81) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.log.RequestLoggerFilter.doFilter(RequestLoggerFilter.java:75) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.FilterHandler.handle(FilterHandler.java:142) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:81) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.sling.engine.impl.parameters.RequestParameterSupportConfigurer.doFilter(RequestParameterSupportConfigurer.java:67) [org.apache.sling.engine:2.7.4]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.FilterHandler.handle(FilterHandler.java:142) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.InvocationChain.doFilter(InvocationChain.java:81) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.Dispatcher$1.doFilter(Dispatcher.java:146) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.whiteboard.WhiteboardManager$2.doFilter(WhiteboardManager.java:1002) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at com.adobe.granite.auth.oauth.impl.OAuthCallbackFilter.doFilter(OAuthCallbackFilter.java:69) [com.adobe.granite.auth.oauth:1.7.2]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.PreprocessorHandler.handle(PreprocessorHandler.java:137) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.whiteboard.WhiteboardManager$2.doFilter(WhiteboardManager.java:1008) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.sling.security.impl.ReferrerFilter.doFilter(ReferrerFilter.java:326) [org.apache.sling.security:1.1.16]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.PreprocessorHandler.handle(PreprocessorHandler.java:137) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.whiteboard.WhiteboardManager$2.doFilter(WhiteboardManager.java:1008) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.sslfilter.internal.SslFilter.doFilter(SslFilter.java:97) [org.apache.felix.http.sslfilter:1.2.6]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.handler.PreprocessorHandler.handle(PreprocessorHandler.java:137) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.whiteboard.WhiteboardManager$2.doFilter(WhiteboardManager.java:1008) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.whiteboard.WhiteboardManager.invokePreprocessors(WhiteboardManager.java:1012) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.Dispatcher.dispatch(Dispatcher.java:91) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.apache.felix.http.base.internal.dispatch.DispatcherServlet.service(DispatcherServlet.java:49) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:725) [org.apache.felix.http.servlet-api:1.1.2]

at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.handle(ServletHolder.java:799) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doHandle(ServletHandler.java:550) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:233) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doHandle(SessionHandler.java:1624) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextHandle(ScopedHandler.java:233) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doHandle(ContextHandler.java:1435) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:188) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.doScope(ServletHandler.java:501) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.session.SessionHandler.doScope(SessionHandler.java:1594) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.nextScope(ScopedHandler.java:186) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doScope(ContextHandler.java:1350) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ScopedHandler.handle(ScopedHandler.java:141) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.handle(ContextHandlerCollection.java:191) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.HandlerWrapper.handle(HandlerWrapper.java:127) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.handle(Server.java:516) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.lambda$handle$1(HttpChannel.java:388) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.dispatch(HttpChannel.java:633) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpChannel.handle(HttpChannel.java:380) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.server.HttpConnection.onFillable(HttpConnection.java:277) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.io.AbstractConnection$ReadCallback.succeeded(AbstractConnection.java:311) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.io.FillInterest.fillable(FillInterest.java:105) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.io.ChannelEndPoint$1.run(ChannelEndPoint.java:104) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.runTask(EatWhatYouKill.java:338) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.doProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:315) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.tryProduce(EatWhatYouKill.java:173) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.strategy.EatWhatYouKill.run(EatWhatYouKill.java:131) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.ReservedThreadExecutor$ReservedThread.run(ReservedThreadExecutor.java:383) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool.runJob(QueuedThreadPool.java:882) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool$Runner.run(QueuedThreadPool.java:1036) [org.apache.felix.http.jetty:4.1.10]

at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)

Caused by: org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException:

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.service(DefaultSlingScript.java:510) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.WCMScriptHelper.includeScript(WCMScriptHelper.java:222) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

... 178 common frames omitted

Caused by: org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.SightlyException: org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException:

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.WCMScriptHelper.includeScript(WCMScriptHelper.java:227) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.internal.extensions.IncludeExtension.call(IncludeExtension.java:72) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.impl.engine.runtime.RenderContextImpl.call(RenderContextImpl.java:77) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly:1.1.2.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.apps.br.components.page.contentpage.partials.body_html.render(body_html.java:99)

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.render.RenderUnit.render(RenderUnit.java:50) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.runtime:1.1.0.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.impl.engine.SightlyCompiledScript.eval(SightlyCompiledScript.java:60) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly:1.1.2.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.call(DefaultSlingScript.java:386) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.eval(DefaultSlingScript.java:184) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.service(DefaultSlingScript.java:491) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

... 179 common frames omitted

Caused by: org.apache.sling.api.SlingException: Cannot get DefaultSlingScript: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException:

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.service(DefaultSlingScript.java:510) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.WCMScriptHelper.includeScript(WCMScriptHelper.java:222) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

... 187 common frames omitted

Caused by: org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.SightlyException: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException:

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.WCMScriptHelper.includeResource(WCMScriptHelper.java:184) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

at com.adobe.cq.sightly.internal.extensions.ResourceExtension.call(ResourceExtension.java:138) [com.adobe.cq.sightly.cq-wcm-sightly-extension:1.6.0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.impl.engine.runtime.RenderContextImpl.call(RenderContextImpl.java:77) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly:1.1.2.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.apps.br.components.page.contentpage.partials.content_html.render(content_html.java:39)

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.render.RenderUnit.render(RenderUnit.java:50) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.runtime:1.1.0.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly.impl.engine.SightlyCompiledScript.eval(SightlyCompiledScript.java:60) [org.apache.sling.scripting.sightly:1.1.2.1_4_0]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.call(DefaultSlingScript.java:386) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.eval(DefaultSlingScript.java:184) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.service(DefaultSlingScript.java:491) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]

... 188 common frames omitted

Caused by: org.apache.sling.api.scripting.ScriptEvaluationException:

at org.apache.sling.scripting.core.impl.DefaultSlingScript.call(DefaultSlingScript.java:416) [org.apache.sling.scripting.core:2.3.2]