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TestEngine with ID junit-jupiter failed to discover tests

 

Internal Error occurred.
org.junit.platform.commons.JUnitException: TestEngine with ID 'junit-jupiter' failed to discover tests
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverEngineRoot(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:160)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverSafely(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:132)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discover(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:107)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discover(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:78)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.discover(DefaultLauncher.java:110)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53)
	at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
	at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/jupiter/api/io/TempDirFactory
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.config.DefaultJupiterConfiguration.<clinit>(DefaultJupiterConfiguration.java:62)
	at org.junit.jupiter.engine.JupiterTestEngine.discover(JupiterTestEngine.java:66)
	at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverEngineRoot(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:152)
	... 13 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDirFactory
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
	... 16 more
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:57935', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code -2

Women Rights and Islam (Divine Laws)

The Quran addresses various aspects of women's rights, emphasizing equality, dignity, and justice. Here are ten verses from the Quran along with their meanings that highlight aspects related to women's rights: 

  1. Surah An-Nisa (4:1):

       Translation: "O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed, Allah is ever, over you, an Observer."

       Meaning: This verse emphasizes the common origin of men and women, highlighting the fundamental equality between them.

  2. Surah An-Nisa (4:7):

       Translation: "For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much—an obligatory share."

       Meaning: This verse addresses the inheritance rights of women, ensuring they receive a fair and just share.

  3. Surah Al-Ahzab (33:35):

       Translation: "Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their private parts and the women who do so, and the men who remember Allah often and the women who do so—for them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward."

       Meaning: This verse emphasizes the spiritual equality of men and women, highlighting that both are rewarded for their deeds and piety.

  4. Surah Al-Ahzab (33:59):

       Translation: "O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments. That is more suitable that they will be known and not be abused. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful."

       Meaning: This verse addresses the concept of modesty and privacy, promoting the protection and dignity of women.

  5. Surah Al-Mumtahanah (60:12):

       Translation: "O Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor will they steal, nor will they commit unlawful sexual intercourse, nor will they kill their children, nor will they bring forth a slander they have invented between their arms and legs, nor will they disobey you in what is right—then accept their pledge and ask forgiveness for them of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."

       Meaning: This verse addresses the principles of trustworthiness and loyalty, emphasizing the commitment of believing women to moral and ethical conduct.

  6. Surah Al-Baqarah (2:187):

       Translation: "They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them."

       Meaning: This verse describes the spousal relationship, highlighting the concept of mutual protection, support, and companionship between men and women.

  7. Surah An-Nisa (4:19):

       Translation: "O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion. And do not make difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what you gave them unless they commit a clear immorality. And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them - perhaps you dislike a thing and Allah makes therein much good."

       Meaning: This verse addresses the prohibition of forcing women into marriage and emphasizes the importance of treating them with kindness and fairness.

  8. Surah Al-Ahzab (33:33):

       Translation: "And abide in your houses and do not display yourselves as [was] the display of the former times of ignorance. And establish prayer and give zakah and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah intends only to remove from you the impurity [of sin], O people of the [Prophet's] household, and to purify you with [extensive] purification."

       Meaning: This verse highlights the privacy and dignity of the Prophet's household, including the women, promoting a modest and respectful lifestyle.

  9. Surah An-Nisa (4:25):

       Translation: "And whoever among you cannot [find] the means to marry free, believing women, then [he may marry] from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allah is most knowing about your faith. You [believers] are of one another. So marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation according to what is acceptable."

       Meaning: This verse addresses the concept of marriage and emphasizes the rights and dignity of women, whether free or from among those in a lawful marital relationship.

  10. Surah Al-Mumtahanah (60:10):

        Translation: "O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them. Allah is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give the disbelievers what they have spent. And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah; He judges between you. And Allah is Knowing and Wise."

        Meaning: This verse addresses the protection and rights of believing women who emigrate, emphasizing the importance of ensuring their safety and integrity.

It's important to approach the interpretation of these verses with an understanding of the broader context and consult knowledgeable scholars for a comprehensive understanding of Islamic teachings on women's rights. Additionally, interpretations may vary, and individual perspectives within the Muslim community may differ.

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Unveiling the Scenic Beauty of the Konkan Region – India’s Coastal Paradise

Introduction to the Konkan Region     

Nestled in the western corner of India, the Konkan region offers a panoramic vista of the Arabian Sea, undulating mountains, dense forests, and vibrant culture. This picturesque and culturally rich region stretches across the coastal districts of Maharashtra, Goa, and some parts of Karnataka. Famous for its stunning beaches, ancient forts, and mouth-watering cuisine, Konkan is a must-visit destination for travel enthusiasts exploring India's diverse landscape.  

Discover the scenic beauty, cultural richness, and culinary delights of India's Konkan region. Explore stunning beaches, historical forts, and vibrant festivals that make Konkan a must-visit travel destination.
Konkan, image source - TravelTrangle.com


The Mesmerizing Konkan Coastline

The Konkan coastline, extending over 720 kilometers, is dotted with serene beaches that are perfect for unwinding. These include the pristine beaches of Ganpatipule, Tarkarli, and Alibaug in Maharashtra, and the world-renowned beaches of Goa like Calangute, Anjuna, and Palolem. The sheer tranquility and natural beauty of these beaches are enough to rejuvenate anyone's senses.  

   

Historical Marvels of Konkan Region  

The Konkan region is a treasure trove of history with its myriad forts and ancient temples. The Sindhudurg fort, built by the great Maratha warrior Shivaji, stands in the middle of the sea, displaying architectural brilliance. The sea forts of Murud-Janjira and Vijaydurg are other must-see historical attractions. Konkan also houses ancient temples, such as the Lord Ganesh temple in Ganpatipule and the Shanta Durga temple in Goa, which are spiritual hubs and architectural marvels.  

   

Konkan Cuisine – A Gastronomic Delight   

Konkan cuisine is a food lover's paradise with a rich variety of seafood, coconut-based curries, and sweet dishes. The signature Konkani fish curry, Malvani mutton curry, and the sweet dish Modak are must-try delicacies. The refreshing local drinks like Sol Kadhi and Feni (in Goa) further enhance the culinary experience.  

   

The Cultural Vibrancy of Konkan  

The Konkan region is a melting pot of various cultures, traditions, and festivals. The vibrant Goa Carnival, the colorful Ganesh Chaturthi, and the unique Koli dance of the fishermen community encapsulate the region's cultural richness. The local markets offer a range of handicrafts, traditional jewelry, and Konkani saris, making them a shopper's delight.  

   

Summary  

The Konkan region, with its stunning landscapes, historical marvels, delectable cuisine, and rich cultural heritage, offers an unmatched travel experience. It’s a perfect retreat for those seeking tranquility and a deeper understanding of India’s diverse culture. So, pack your bags and set off for an unforgettable journey to the Konkan paradise!  

   

Keywords: Konkan region, India, travel, beaches, forts, Konkani cuisine, Konkan culture, Arabian Sea, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Ganpatipule, Tarkarli, Alibaug, Sindhudurg fort, Murud-Janjira, Vijaydurg, Lord Ganesh temple, Shanta Durga temple, Goa Carnival, Ganesh Chaturthi, Koli dance.

AI Alliance in collaboration with over 50 Founding Members and Collaborators globally

IBM and Meta have launched the AI Alliance with world's leading organizations across industry, government and academia. The purpose of this collaboration is to accelerate responsible innovation in AI while ensuring scientific rigor, trust, safety, security, diversity and economic competitiveness. AI Alliance will also setup a governing board and technical oversight committee. Partners and collaborators include:
  1. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
  2. Aitomatic
  3. AMD
  4. Anyscale
  5. Cerebras
  6. CERN
  7. Cleveland Clinic
  8. Cornell University
  9. Dartmouth
  10. Dell Technologies
  11. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
  12. ETH Zurich
  13. Fast.ai
  14. Fenrir, Inc.
  15. FPT Software
  16. Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  17. Hugging Face
  18. IBM
  19. Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
  20. Imperial College London
  21. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
  22. Institute for Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
  23. Intel
  24. Keio University
  25. LangChain
  26. LlamaIndex
  27. Linux Foundation
  28. Mass Open Cloud Alliance, operated by Boston University and Harvard
  29. Meta
  30. Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
  31. MLCommons
  32. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  33. National Science Foundation
  34. New York University
  35. NumFOCUS
  36. OpenTeams
  37. Oracle
  38. Partnership on AI
  39. Quansight
  40. Red Hat
  41. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  42. Roadzen
  43. Sakana AI
  44. SB Intuitions
  45. ServiceNow
  46. Silo AI
  47. Simons Foundation
  48. Sony Group
  49. Stability AI
  50. Together AI
  51. TU Munich
  52. UC Berkeley College of Computing, Data Science, and Society
  53. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  54. The University of Notre Dame
  55. The University of Texas at Austin
  56. The University of Tokyo
  57. Yale University

References:

Metaverse vs Omniverse in the AI Landscape

In the ever-evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, two captivating concepts, the Metaverse and Omniverse, are emerging as transformative forces. Let’s delve into their distinct realms and explore the potential they hold for reshaping our digital future.


The Metaverse: A Universe Within the Virtual Sphere

The Metaverse is a collective virtual shared space that is created by the convergence of physical and virtual reality. It is not just a single virtual universe but a vast interconnected network of digital spaces where users can interact with a computer-generated environment and other users in real-time.


Key Features:

1. Immersive Environments: From virtual reality (VR) to augmented reality (AR), the Metaverse offers immersive experiences that transcend traditional digital interactions.

2. User-Generated Content: Users actively contribute to the creation and evolution of the Metaverse, shaping its landscapes and narratives.

3. Cross-Platform Connectivity: It spans various platforms, ensuring accessibility from different devices and technologies.


Applications:

1. Gaming: Virtual gaming experiences with real-time interactions.

2. Socializing: Digital platforms for socializing and networking.

3. Education: Immersive learning environments.


The Omniverse: Unifying the Digital Multiverse

In NVIDIA's vision, the Omniverse is an interconnected and interoperable simulation of our world and beyond. It's not just about virtual spaces but a comprehensive model of the entire universe of simulation.


Key Features:

1. Simulation at Scale: Omniverse aims to simulate vast and complex environments, including real-world physics and dynamics.

2. Interoperability: It fosters collaboration by allowing different simulation engines to work together seamlessly.

3. AI Integration: Leveraging artificial intelligence for more realistic and dynamic simulations.


Applications:

1. Design and Architecture: Simulating and visualizing architectural projects.

2. Autonomous Vehicles: Testing and simulating autonomous driving scenarios.

3. Scientific Research: Modeling and simulating complex scientific phenomena.


Divergence and Convergence:

- User Interaction: While the Metaverse focuses on user-driven experiences, the Omniverse emphasizes comprehensive simulations.

- Scope: The Metaverse is expansive in virtual interactions, while the Omniverse extends to real-world simulations.


Conclusion:

Both the Metaverse and Omniverse represent the next frontier in digital evolution, each offering unique possibilities. Whether we immerse ourselves in user-created virtual realms or engage in comprehensive simulations of the real world, these concepts are set to redefine how we interact with and perceive the digital universe.

Indo-Saracenic architecture

Indo-Saracenic architecture
Madras High Court

Indo-Saracenic architecture is a term that describes a style of architecture that emerged in India during the British colonial rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is also known as Indo-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Neo-Mughal, or Hindoo style. It combines elements from Indian, Islamic, and European architectural traditions, creating a distinctive and eclectic style that reflects the cultural diversity and complexity of India.

Some of the features of Indo-Saracenic architecture are:

  • The use of domes, arches, minarets, chhatris, jalis, and other forms of Islamic ornamentation.
  • The incorporation of Hindu motifs, such as lotus flowers, elephants, peacocks, and other animals.
  • The adaptation of Gothic and Neo-Classical elements, such as pointed arches, spires, columns, and pediments.
  • The use of red sandstone, marble, and other local materials, as well as stucco, plaster, and tiles for decoration.
  • The creation of large and imposing structures, often with symmetrical plans and elaborate facades.

Some of the examples of Indo-Saracenic architecture are:

  • The Chepauk Palace in Chennai, built in 1768 for the Nawab of Arcot, is considered to be the first Indo-Saracenic building.
  • The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, built between 1906 and 1921, is a monumental tribute to Queen Victoria, with a blend of Mughal, Venetian, and British influences.
  • The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) in Mumbai, built between 1878 and 1888, is a stunning railway station that combines Gothic, Mughal, and Indian features.
  • The North Block and South Block of the Secretariat Building in New Delhi, built between 1911 and 1931, are part of the imperial capital designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, with a mix of classical and Indian elements.

Indo-Saracenic architecture was a way for the British to express their power and prestige in India, as well as to acknowledge and appreciate the local culture and history. It was also a way for the Indian princes and elites to assert their identity and status, by commissioning buildings that reflected their heritage and aspirations. Indo-Saracenic architecture is a fascinating and unique style that represents the fusion and interaction of different civilizations and influences in India.


Kweint Group - Your Gateway to Timeless Elegance

Kweint Group is an ultimate destination for exquisite antique, cultural, historical, and royal treasures. 

Kweint Group has collection of treasures that span centuries, histories and cultures using craft. From regal artifacts to cultural gems, each piece tells a story of artistry and heritage.

Kweint Group helps you to make your every occasion memorable with gifts that transcend time. Their range of historical gifts is perfect for celebrating milestones, fostering business relationships, or expressing your appreciation.

Their products are best for home and office transformation makes your living and working spaces with a touch of grandeur. 


For Dealers and Inquiries:

Are you a craft lover of timeless treasures? Join hands with Kweint Group as a dealer and bring the allure of the past to your clientele.

📧 For inquiries and collaboration, reach out to us at kweintgroup@gmail.com.

International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women

The International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women, observed on November 25th annually, is a global call to action against pervasive violence impacting women worldwide. This blog sheds light on the history, global impact, and initiatives surrounding this critical day.

  1. Historical Roots and Symbolism:

    Explore the origins of this international day, rooted in the activism of the Mirabal Sisters. Their tragic fate serves as a symbol of resistance against gender-based violence, emphasizing the need for collective action.

  2. Global Violence Statistics:

    Present staggering statistics highlighting the prevalence of violence against women globally. Examine various forms of abuse, from domestic violence to human trafficking, illustrating the urgency of addressing this issue.

  3. Consequences on Women:

    Delve into the profound physical, emotional, and psychological consequences of violence against women. Discuss how these experiences perpetuate cycles of poverty, hinder education, and contribute to overall disempowerment.

  4. Identifying Root Causes:

    Examine the root causes, including deeply entrenched patriarchal norms and discriminatory practices. Emphasize the importance of dismantling these structures for lasting change.

  5. International Anti-Violence Frameworks:

    Highlight global efforts such as the "UNiTE to End Violence Against Women" campaign and the CEDAW. Showcase successful initiatives that have made a positive impact on both local and global scales.

  6. Success Stories and Empowerment:

    Share success stories of resilience and empowerment resulting from anti-violence initiatives. Illustrate how these efforts contribute to breaking the cycle of abuse.

  7. Education as a Preventive Measure:

    Stress the role of education in preventing violence against women. Explore how awareness from an early age can challenge stereotypes and foster a culture of respect and equality.

  8. Involving Men in the Solution:

    Emphasize the importance of involving men in combating gender-based violence. Highlight initiatives engaging men and boys to challenge toxic masculinity and promote healthy, respectful relationships.


Types of violence against women:

Gender-based violence against women encompasses a range of harmful behaviors and practices rooted in unequal power dynamics between men and women. Some common forms of gender-based violence include:

  1. Domestic Violence:

    Involves physical, emotional, or psychological abuse within a domestic setting. This can include spousal abuse, intimate partner violence, and abuse by family members.

  2. Sexual Harassment:

    Unwanted and unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature, which can occur in workplaces, public spaces, or online. It may include sexual comments, advances, or coercion.

  3. Sexual Assault:

    Any non-consensual sexual act, including rape. Sexual assault is a severe violation of a person's autonomy and bodily integrity.

  4. Objectification:

    At some place women and girl are treated as an object or toy for men and business. This we could see manily in Europe and Americas where women are forced to show her naked body for commericial advertisment and business deals.

  5. Human Trafficking:

    The illegal trade of people, often for the purposes of forced labor or sexual exploitation. Women and girls are disproportionately affected by human trafficking.

  6. Child Marriage:

    The practice of marrying girls before the age of 18. Child marriage robs girls of their childhood, education, and exposes them to numerous health risks.

  7. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM):

    The deliberate cutting or removal of female genital organs. This harmful practice is often justified by cultural or traditional beliefs.

  8. Cyber Violence:

    Harassment or abuse that occurs online, including cyberbullying, revenge porn, and the use of technology to control or manipulate women.

  9. Honor Killings:

    The murder of a person, usually a woman, by a family member due to the belief that the victim has brought dishonor to the family.

  10. Dowry-related Violence:

    Violence perpetrated against a woman because her family fails to fulfill dowry demands made by the husband's family.

  11. Forced Marriage:

    Coercing someone into marrying against their will. This denies individuals the right to choose their life partners.

  12. Stalking:

    Persistent unwanted attention, often with the intention to intimidate or cause fear. Stalking can be both online and offline.

  13. Dressing:

    Few European states have ban the headscarf and face covering for women which is a direct attack on women where they are not allow to choose what to wear. At some place women are forced to wear what a men wants. There are violeting women natural law, right to choose and fundamental law.

Addressing gender-based violence requires a multi-faceted approach involving legal measures, education, awareness campaigns, and the promotion of gender equality. It is crucial to challenge and change societal norms that perpetuate such violence and work towards creating safer environments for all.

Conclusion:

This blog calls for reflection, action, and solidarity on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. By understanding root causes, amplifying survivor voices, and advocating for systemic change, we move closer to a world where every woman and girl lives free from violence. 

King of the World

The statement "Allah is the king of the world" reflects a belief in Islam, where Allah is considered the supreme and sovereign authority over all creation. This is a fundamental concept in Islamic theology, emphasizing the oneness and omnipotence of Allah. The phrase underscores the idea that Allah is the ultimate ruler and controller of the universe in Islamic faith.

Amir Khusrau: A Lyrical Maestro of Medieval India

Early Life and Education:
Amir Khusrau
Amir Khusrau

Abu'l Hasan YamÄ«n ud-DÄ«n Khusrau better known as Amir Khusrau or Amir Khusro or Amir Khushrow, born in 1253 in Patiyali, Kasganj, India, was a polymath, poet, musician, and scholar who left an indelible mark on the cultural tapestry of medieval India. His father, Amir Saif-ud-Din Mahmud, hailed from Transoxiana, and his mother, a native Indian, infused in him a unique blend of Central Asian and Indian heritage.

From a young age, Khusrau exhibited a keen intellect and a profound interest in learning. His educational journey began under the tutelage of the illustrious poet and scholar Najmuddin Hasan. Khusrau's insatiable curiosity led him to study diverse fields, including philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy.


The Royal Patronage:

Khusrau's talents soon attracted the attention of the Delhi Sultanate's royal court, where he found patronage under the rulers of the Khalji and Tughlaq dynasties. His association with notable figures like Alauddin Khalji and later, the prolific poet and statesman Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, provided him a platform to flourish.


Khusrau worked with Empires or Rulers: 

Amir Khusrau, the versatile poet, and scholar served under several empires and rulers during his lifetime. Here is a list of empires and rulers he was associated with:

  1. Delhi Sultanate (Under the Khalji Dynasty):

       - Emperor: Alauddin Khalji

       - Duration: Late 13th century (around 1296-1316)

  2. Delhi Sultanate (Under the Tughlaq Dynasty):

       - Emperor: Muhammad bin Tughlaq

       - Duration: Early 14th century (around 1320-1325)

  3. Delhi Sultanate (Under the Tughlaq Dynasty):

       - Emperor: Feroz Shah Tughlaq

       - Duration: Mid-14th century (around 1351-1388)

  4. Delhi Sultanate (Under the Tughlaq Dynasty):

       - Emperor: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq II

       - Duration: Late 14th century (around 1388)

  5. Delhi Sultanate (Under the Sayyid Dynasty):

       - Emperor: Muhammad bin Farid

       - Duration: Late 14th century (around 1394-1406)

  6. Delhi Sultanate (Under the Lodi Dynasty):

       - Emperor: Sikandar Lodi

       - Duration: Late 15th century (around 1489-1517)


Throughout his career, Amir Khusrau witnessed the changing landscapes of the Delhi Sultanate, serving under multiple rulers who belonged to different dynasties. His association with these empires allowed him to contribute significantly to the cultural and literary milieu of medieval India.


Literary Legacy:

Khusrau's literary contributions are a testament to his versatility. He excelled in various genres, including ghazals, masnavis, and rubais. His poetic oeuvre reflected the cultural syncretism of his time, seamlessly blending Persian and Hindavi (early Urdu) in a linguistic fusion known as "Hindvi."

In his divan, "Divan-e-Khusrau," and epic poems like "Matn-ul-Quloob" and "Nuh Sipihr," Khusrau masterfully explored themes of love, mysticism, and the socio-political milieu of his era. His ghazals, in particular, continue to resonate across centuries, capturing the essence of Sufi philosophy and the complexities of human emotions.


Musical Maestro:

Beyond his literary prowess, Khusrau's musical genius was equally noteworthy. He is credited with the invention of the musical genre "qawwali" and the introduction of the sitar and tabla into the Indian musical tradition. His compositions, especially the soul-stirring "qaul," exemplify the spiritual depth embedded in his work.


Legacy and Impact:

Amir Khusrau's legacy reverberates through the annals of Indian history. His literary and musical innovations laid the foundation for the development of Urdu and Indo-Persian poetry. The Chishti Sufi order, to which he was closely affiliated, venerates him as a spiritual luminary.


Notable writing of Amir Khusrau:

Amir Khusrau, a prolific poet, musician, and scholar, left behind a rich legacy of literary works. Here are some of his notable writings:

  1. Divan-e-Khusrau: This is a comprehensive collection of Khusrau's ghazals and other poetic forms. It showcases his mastery in both Persian and Hindavi, reflecting the cultural fusion of his time.
  2. Mathnawi-e-Nuh Sipihr (The Nine Skies): This epic poem explores themes of cosmic significance and divine love. It is written in Persian and reflects Khusrau's deep engagement with Sufi philosophy.
  3. Khamsa-e-Khusrau (The Quintet): Comprising five masnavis, this work includes "Matn-ul-Ans," "Hasht-Bihisht," "Laila-Majnun," "Ishqia," and "Tughluq-Nama." Each masnavi explores different facets of love, mysticism, and historical narratives.
  4. Qiran-us-Sa'dain (Meeting of Two Auspicious Stars): A prose work, Qiran-us-Sa'dain is a historical romance that narrates the love story of a prince and princess, symbolizing the union of India and Iran.
  5. Tughluq-Nama: This masnavi is a historical narrative that provides an account of the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Khusrau's witty and satirical style is evident in his depiction of the sultan's rule.
  6. Ghurrat-ul-Kamal (The Prime of Perfection): A biographical work, this book is a tribute to various saints and Sufi masters, reflecting Khusrau's deep spiritual inclinations.
  7. Nihayat-ul-Kamaal (The Zenith of Perfection): This work explores the life and teachings of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, Khusrau's spiritual mentor. It is a testament to Khusrau's admiration for Sufi saints.
  8. Rasa'il-e-Khusrau (The Letters of Khusrau): A collection of Khusrau's letters, offering insights into his thoughts, beliefs, and interactions with contemporaries.
  9. Tuhfat-us-Sighr (The Gift of Childhood): An autobiographical work, Tuhfat-us-Sighr provides glimpses into Khusrau's early life, education, and the socio-cultural milieu of his time.
  10. Qaul-e-Farsi (Persian Sayings): This collection includes Khusrau's Persian verses and sayings, showcasing his command over the Persian language.
Amir Khusrau's writings span various genres, including poetry, prose, and historical narratives. His works continue to be studied and celebrated for their linguistic richness, cultural depth, and spiritual insights.

Resting Place:

Amir Khusrau was buried next to his beloved Sufi Saint Hazrat Nizamuddin inside Nizamuddin Dargah premises.
 

Khusrau's impact extends beyond the realms of literature and music; he was a bridge between diverse cultures, fostering harmony in a tumultuous era. His timeless verses and melodic compositions continue to enchant enthusiasts, ensuring that the legacy of Amir Khusrau remains an enduring source of inspiration.

Largest cities in the world by area

A person who wants to live a wealthy life that is full with technological, beyond sustainbaility, physical luxary and fun amminities move towards the city. But, there are some more people who moved to cities to earn or make ample or huge money for his/her family and wants to uplift his family members from poverty and give them some physical luxary. Due to these reasons population and area of cities are increasing day by day.

Determining the largest city by area can be complex, as different sources might use different criteria for city boundaries. However, here's a list of some of the largest cities in the world by area, along with their approximate land area and population:

  1. Hulunbuir, China:

       - Area: Approximately 263,953 square kilometers.

       - Population: Varied rural population.

  2. Altamira, Brazil:

       - Area: Approximately 159,533 square kilometers.

       - Population: Varied rural population.

  3. Abaetetuba, Brazil:

       - Area: Approximately 161,722 square kilometers.

       - Population: Varied rural population.

  4. Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Australia:

       - Area: Approximately 95,575 square kilometers.

       - Population: Around 30,000.

  5. Mount Isa, Australia:

       - Area: Approximately 41,971 square kilometers.

       - Population: Around 18,000.

  6. Karakorum, Mongolia:

       - Area: Approximately 121 square kilometers.

       - Population: Varied, around 8,000.

  7. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia:

       - Area: Approximately 4,704 square kilometers.

       - Population: Over 1.4 million.

  8. Yakutsk, Russia:

       - Area: Approximately 122 square kilometers.

       - Population: Over 300,000.

  9. Dhofar, Oman:

       - Area: Approximately 99,300 square kilometers.

       - Population: Varied rural population.

  10. Chatham Islands, New Zealand:

       - Area: Approximately 966 square kilometers.

       - Population: Around 600.


Postscript(PS): Please note that the populations mentioned are approximate and can change. Additionally, the areas might include surrounding rural or administrative regions.

Cost of War | No one can win the war, only innocent civilians have to pay the cost of war

The number of people killed directly in the violence of the post-9/11 wars in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and elsewhere. This data is published from Watson Institute of Internal and public affairs by Brown University. US allied forces or NATO and opposition fighters have killed more and more innocent civilians. 



References

Does OpenAI or ChatGPT support discrimination and its models is based on biased data?

OpenAI is committed to addressing bias and avoiding the amplification of unjust practices. However, models like ChatGPT are trained on large datasets from the internet, which may contain biases. OpenAI is actively working on research and engineering to reduce both glaring and subtle biases in how ChatGPT responds to different inputs. They are also providing clearer instructions to reviewers about potential pitfalls tied to bias and controversial themes. The aim is to improve default behavior, allow customization within broad bounds, and involve the public in decisions about the system's rules. OpenAI is dedicated to learning from mistakes and iterating on their models and systems to make them better over time.

Does OpenAI or ChatGPT biased?




Echoes of Peace: The Silent Cry of Innocence

In a world echoing with the footsteps of warriors, there exists a tale untold, a story that resonates with the silent cry of innocence. It's a narrative of a war-ridden land where the cost of conflict is not measured in victories or defeats but in the poignant losses of innocent civilians.

Innocent children loosing the life and hope in war


Once upon a time in a small village nestled between hills and rivers, there lived a community that knew nothing of strife. Children played in the meadows, and laughter echoed through the air like a sweet melody. However, the shadow of war loomed large as distant drums of conflict thundered, shattering the tranquility that once defined their existence.

As the conflict unfolded, innocent civilians became unwitting participants in a battle not of their making. Homes that echoed with laughter now resonated with the somber notes of despair. Fields that once bore the bounty of nature were now scorched by the flames of war. In this chaos, the lives of ordinary people were forever altered.

One such life was that of Aisha, a young girl with dreams as vast as the starlit sky. Her father, a humble farmer, toiled the land with love, providing not just for his family but for the entire village. Yet, war spared no one. The rhythmic dance of Aisha's childhood was abruptly halted by the discordant beats of conflict.

The village became a canvas splattered with the hues of sorrow. Aisha's father, a casualty of war, left behind a legacy of resilience. The echoes of his teachings resonated in her heart — the profound truth that no one truly wins in war; it is the innocent who bear its heavy cost.

In her quest for peace, Aisha became a voice for the voiceless, a beacon of hope in the desolation of war. She carried the message of natural rights — the inherent entitlement of every individual to life, liberty, and security. Aisha's plea was simple: let the pen be mightier than the sword, for only in understanding and compassion could the world truly know peace.

As her message spread like a gentle breeze cutting through the smoke of conflict, people began to question the necessity of war. The world listened, and hearts resonated with the collective desire for peace. Leaders, moved by the plight of innocent civilians, sought diplomatic solutions over the clamor of battle drums.

Children in war zone

Aisha's story is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit, a reminder that the true cost of war is not measured in territorial gains but in the shattered lives of those who yearn for peace. In her village, once scarred by conflict, a new melody emerged — the song of rebuilding, of hope, and of a world that chose empathy over enmity.

The silent cry of innocence had become a resounding call for peace, echoing across hills and rivers, transcending borders and boundaries. And so, in the hearts of those touched by Aisha's story, a seed was planted — the seed of a world where wars were remembered only in tales of the past, and innocence was never again sacrificed at the altar of conflict.

Fundamental Rights | Constitution of India

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Every Republic ensure rights to its civilians without any discrimation. These rights make a democratic state a republic. Republic on India also provide some rights to its civilians, and these rights never be violate even in the formation of new laws. Following are the fundamental rights: 


Fundamental Rights | Image generated via Bing Image Creator
Fundamental Rights | Image generated via Bing Image Creator


General

12. Definition.
13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.

Right to Equality

14. Equality before law.
15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
17. Abolition of Untouchability.
18. Abolition of titles.

Right to Freedom

19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
21. Protection of life and personal liberty.
21A. Right to education.
22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.


Right against Exploitation

23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.


Right to Freedom of Religion

25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.
27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.


Cultural and Educational Rights

29. Protection of interests of minorities.
30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
31. [Repealed.]


Saving of Certain Laws
31A. Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
31D. [Repealed.]


Right to Constitutional Remedies

32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
32A. [Repealed.]
33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.

AEM Upgrade to AEM 6.5

Adobe documentation captures all the scenarios for the AEM upgrade[1]. On a high level, the changes are:

  1. There are two ways to upgrading the AEM instance, one is in-place upgrade and other is fresh install approach based on AEM content size.
  2. Upgrade artifacts by compiling against 6.5 uber jar.
  3. Test and fix any issues due to deprecated features/overlaid capabilities change.
  4. From 6.4, as part of the sustainable upgrades process, there is a repository restructuring that can be done (not mandatory)[2].
  5. Process on how to roll out the changes to production.
AEM Upgrade
AEM Upgrade flowchat | Credit - Adobe ExperienceLeague



If this is hard, adobe offers a backward compatibility mode from 6.3 with which one can run a 6.3 AEM artifact on a 6.5 instance[3].

Pattern detector is a mechanism provided by Adobe to easy identification of possible problems that will come up during upgrade by validating against deprecated features and overlays[4].

AEM 6.5 is compatible with Java 8[5].

List of ICC Cricket World Cup Winners latest 2023

The ICC Cricket World Cup is an international cricket competition established in 1975. It is contested by the men’s national teams of the members of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the sport’s global governing body. The tournament generally takes place every four years. Most recently, the 2019 Cricket World Cup, hosted by England and Wales, was won by England, who beat New Zealand.

List of winners of the ICC Cricket World Cup from 1975 to 2023:

YearWinnerRunner-upHostFinal venue
1975West IndiesAustraliaEnglandLord’s Cricket Ground, London
1979West IndiesEnglandEnglandLord’s Cricket Ground, London
1983IndiaWest IndiesEnglandLord’s Cricket Ground, London
1987AustraliaEnglandIndia & PakistanEden Gardens, Kolkata
1992PakistanEnglandAustralia & New ZealandMelbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne
1996Sri LankaAustraliaIndia, Pakistan & Sri LankaGaddafi Stadium, Lahore
1999AustraliaPakistanEnglandLord’s Cricket Ground, London
2003AustraliaIndiaSouth AfricaWanderers, Johannesburg
2007AustraliaSri LankaWest IndiesKensington Oval, Bridgetown
2011IndiaSri LankaIndia, Sri Lanka & BangladeshWankhede Stadium, Mumbai
2015AustraliaNew ZealandAustralia & New ZealandMelbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne
2019EnglandNew ZealandEngland & WalesLord’s Cricket Ground, London
2023AustraliaIndiaIndiaNarendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad

The next Cricket World Cup is scheduled to be held in 2023 in India. The host nation and the seven other highest-ranked nations automatically qualify for the World Cup, while other nations including associate and affiliate ICC members play in a qualification tournament, the World Cup Qualifier.

We hope this information is helpful to you. If you have any other questions, feel free to ask in comment.


References

1. https://bing.com/search?q=List+of+winners+of+ICC+cricket+mens+world+cup

2. List of Cricket World Cup finals - Wikipedia

3. List of Cricket World Cup Winners - ICC Women & Men Cricket World Cup ...

4. ICC Cricket World Cup Winners History (1975 – 2019) - Cricfacts

5. ICC Cricket World Cup Winners List in ODI and T20I - Times of Sports