Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3, the third lunar exploration mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), aims to demonstrate soft landing on the Moon, similar to its predecessor, Chandrayaan-2. Chandrayaan 3 successfully soft landed on Moon on 23rd August 2023 at 18:02 IST. Unlike Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 does not include an orbiter. The launch of Chandrayaan-3 took place on July 14, 2023, with successful lunar injection. The lander and rover are expected to land near the lunar south pole region on August 23, 2023. The mission has three main objectives: achieving a safe landing, observing the rover's capabilities, and conducting scientific experiments to better understand the Moon's composition.

The Chandrayaan programme initially launched Chandrayaan-2 with an orbiter, lander, and rover to demonstrate soft landing on the Moon. However, the lander, Vikram, crashed on the lunar surface due to a last-minute glitch in the landing guidance software. This failure led to the proposal of Chandrayaan-3 to demonstrate the necessary landing capabilities for future Lunar Polar Exploration Missions.

Chandrayaan-3 consists of three main components: the propulsion module, the lander, and the rover. The propulsion module carries the lander and rover configuration until the spacecraft reaches a 100 km lunar orbit. The lander is responsible for the soft landing and carries scientific instruments for in-site analysis, including Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE), Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA), and Langmuir Probe (LP). The six-wheeled rover is equipped with various scientific instruments and is expected to study the lunar surface's composition, presence of water ice, history of lunar impacts, and the Moon's atmosphere.

The launch of Chandrayaan-3 occurred on July 14, 2023, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. The spacecraft has been placed on the trajectory to reach the Moon, and it is expected to achieve a soft landing on the lunar South Pole region on August 23 or 24, 2023.

ISRO has set the estimated cost for the Chandrayaan-3 mission at around ₹615 crore (approximately $90 million in 2023). The project has received initial funding of ₹75 crore (approximately $9.4 million) for machinery, equipment, and other capital expenditures.

Chandrayaan-3 represents India's continued efforts in lunar exploration and aims to build on the achievements of previous missions while demonstrating advancements in soft landing and scientific exploration capabilities on the Moon.

Overall, Chandrayaan-3 is a crucial step in India's space exploration journey, emphasizing the country's commitment to space science and technology. The mission's successful execution will contribute significantly to our understanding of the Moon's surface and pave the way for future interplanetary missions. 

Here is the compelte view and commentry on the launch of Chandrayaan-3 from ISRO.

 

LVM3-M4, Space Ship | Chandrayaan 3 Gallery

LVM3, M4 Space Ship Setup Chandrayaan3 space ship	LVM3, M4 ISRO India Mission to Moon	Chandrayaan-3 Launch ISRO launched Chandrayaan3
References

- Chandrayaan3 Details | ISRO

What are the risks and problems with Artificial intelligence (AI)?

Artificial intelligence (AI) brings numerous benefits and transformative potential, but it also poses certain risks and challenges. Here are some commonly discussed risks and problems associated with AI:

1. Ethical Concerns: AI systems may exhibit biased or discriminatory behavior, as they learn from data that reflects human biases. This can result in unfair decision-making, such as biased hiring practices or discriminatory loan approvals.

2. Privacy and Data Security: AI relies on large amounts of data, which raises concerns about privacy and data security. Mishandling or misuse of personal data collected by AI systems can lead to privacy breaches and potential abuse of personal information.

3. Lack of Transparency: Deep learning algorithms can be complex and opaque, making it difficult to understand how AI systems arrive at their decisions. Lack of transparency can hinder accountability and make it challenging to identify and address potential biases or errors.

4. Job Displacement: AI and automation have the potential to automate certain tasks and jobs, leading to job displacement for some workers. This can result in socio-economic challenges, particularly for those in industries heavily impacted by automation.

5. Dependence and Unintended Consequences: Overreliance on AI systems without appropriate human oversight can lead to dependence and potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, AI systems can exhibit unintended consequences or make errors when faced with situations that fall outside their training data.

6. Security Risks: AI systems can be susceptible to malicious attacks, such as adversarial attacks that manipulate input data to deceive AI models or expose vulnerabilities. As AI becomes more integrated into critical systems like autonomous vehicles or healthcare, the potential for security risks increases.

7. AI Arms Race and Misuse: The rapid development and deployment of AI technology can contribute to an AI arms race, where countries or organizations compete to gain a strategic advantage. Misuse of AI technology for malicious purposes, such as cyber warfare or deepfake manipulation, is also a concern.

8. Bias and Discrimination: AI systems can inadvertently perpetuate or amplify existing biases present in the training data. This can lead to discriminatory outcomes, reinforcing social inequalities and marginalizing certain groups.

9. Legal Regulation: The rapid advancement of AI technology has outpaced the development of comprehensive legal frameworks. The lack of clear regulations can pose challenges in addressing issues such as liability, accountability, and governance of AI systems.

10. Inequality: The adoption of AI may exacerbate existing socio-economic inequalities. Access to AI technologies, resources, and expertise may be limited to those with financial means, widening the gap between technological haves and have-nots.

11. Market Volatility: The widespread adoption of AI has the potential to disrupt industries and job markets, leading to market volatility. The rapid pace of technological change can result in winners and losers, creating economic and social uncertainties.

It is important to address these risks and problems through a combination of technical measures, policy frameworks, and public dialogue to ensure the responsible and ethical development and deployment of AI systems. Also, at the same time its important that these risks and problems are not inherent to AI but arise from the way AI is developed, deployed, and regulated. Efforts are being made by researchers, policymakers, and organizations to address these challenges and promote the responsible and ethical use of AI.

References

1. Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(9), 389-399.
2. Bostrom, N., & Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence. Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, 316-334.
3. Floridi, L., & Cowls, J. (2019). A unified framework of five principles for AI in society. Harvard Data Science Review, 1(1).
4. Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2018). Regulate artificial intelligence to avert cyber arms race. Nature, 556(7701), 296-298.
5. OECD. (2019). AI principles: OECD Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/going-digital/ai/principles/
6. Brundage, M., et al. (2020). Toward trustworthy AI development: Mechanisms for supporting verifiable claims. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.07213.
7. Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, 77-91.
8. Haggerty, K. D., & Trottier, D. (2019). Artificial intelligence, governance, and ethics: Global perspectives. Rowman & Littlefield International.
9. Floridi, L., & Taddeo, M. (2018). What is data ethics? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2128), 20180080.
10. Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company.

Best Hotels in Dubai UAE

Dubai is the best travel destination for the people these days to spend quality time, adventures, luxary life and shopping. List of some of the best hotels in Dubai, along with their star rating, price per night, food options, location, and popular booking websites:

1. Burj Al Arab Jumeirah

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $1,500

   - Food: Offers a variety of fine dining options and international cuisine.

   - Location: Jumeirah Beach Road, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.burjalarab.com

2. Atlantis The Palm

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $400

   - Food: Provides an array of dining choices, including celebrity chef restaurants and international buffets.

   - Location: Palm Jumeirah, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.atlantisthepalm.com

3. Armani Hotel Dubai

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $600

   - Food: Offers a range of gourmet dining experiences and international cuisine.

   - Location: Burj Khalifa, Downtown Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.armanihoteldubai.com

4. Jumeirah Beach Hotel

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $400

   - Food: Features a variety of restaurants offering cuisines from around the world.

   - Location: Jumeirah Beach Road, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.jumeirah.com

5. Four Seasons Resort Dubai at Jumeirah Beach

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $500

   - Food: Boasts a selection of dining venues serving global cuisine and gourmet experiences.

   - Location: Jumeirah Beach Road, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.fourseasons.com

6. The Ritz-Carlton, Dubai

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $300

   - Food: Offers a diverse range of restaurants and bars, featuring international and local cuisine.

   - Location: The Walk, Jumeirah Beach Residence, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.ritzcarlton.com

7. Burj Al Arab Terrace

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $1,500

   - Food: Provides a variety of dining options with stunning views of the Arabian Gulf.

   - Location: Jumeirah Beach Road, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.burjalarab.com

8. One&Only The Palm

   - Star Rating: 5 stars

   - Price per Night: Starts from $700

   - Food: Features several restaurants serving Mediterranean, European, and Arabian cuisine.

   - Location: Palm Jumeirah, Dubai.

   - Booking Website: www.oneandonlyresorts.com

Please note that the booking websites mentioned are popular platforms for hotel reservations. However, it is always recommended to check multiple sources for availability and compare prices before making a booking. Please note that the prices mentioned are approximate starting prices and can vary depending on the season and availability. It is advisable to check with the hotels directly for accurate pricing and to explore any special offers or packages they may have.