World heritage city Ahmedabad, India

The walled city of Ahmadabad, founded in 15th century by Sultan Ahmad Shah, on the eastern bank of the Sabarmati river, presents a rich architectural heritage from the sultanate period, notably the Bhadra citadel, the walls and gates of the Fort city and numerous mosques and tombs as well as important Hindu and Jain temples of later periods. Ahmedabad city is declared world heritagwe city by UNESCO on 08th July 2017. Ahmedabad, the largest city in the state of Gujarat, India, is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These sites showcase the city's rich cultural and architectural history. The following are the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ahmedabad:

1. Historic City of Ahmadabad (City Walls):

The historic city of Ahmedabad is enclosed by fortified walls that were constructed in the 15th century CE. The walls feature intricate gates and bastions that are a testament to the city's architectural heritage.

2. Bhadra Fort and Teen Darwaza:

Bhadra Fort is a magnificent structure built in the 15th century CE by Sultan Ahmed Shah, the founder of Ahmedabad. It houses several palaces, mosques, and government buildings. The Teen Darwaza (Triple Gateway) is a remarkable entrance to the fort and is adorned with intricate carvings.

3. Jhulta Minar (Shaking Minarets):

Jhulta Minar is a unique architectural marvel located within the Sidi Bashir Mosque complex in Ahmedabad. The minarets are known for their intriguing construction, as if one minaret is shaken, the other one vibrates in response, despite being connected only by a series of balconies.

4. Rani ki Vav (The Queen's Stepwell):

Rani ki Vav is an intricately designed stepwell located in the town of Patan, which is approximately 76 kilometers from Ahmedabad. Built during the 11th century CE by Queen Udayamati in memory of her husband, King Bhimdev I, it is considered one of the most elaborate and ornate stepwells in India. The stepwell is adorned with intricate carvings depicting various mythological and religious themes, showcasing the excellent craftsmanship of that era. Rani ki Vav showcases the mastery of ancient Indian architecture and is a significant example of the stepwell tradition prevalent in the region. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014 for its cultural and historical importance.

These UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ahmedabad reflect the city's historical significance and architectural brilliance. They are important landmarks that attract tourists and serve as a reminder of the rich cultural heritage of the region.

References

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1551

Source and credit: GettyImages Link

Difference between Federal and Unitary Goverment System

A federal government system and a unitary government system are two contrasting approaches to organizing political power within a country. Here are the key differences between the two:

1. Power Distribution: In a federal government system, power is divided between a central or national government and multiple regional or state governments. The regional governments have their own spheres of authority and retain significant autonomy in managing their internal affairs. In a unitary government system, power is centralized in a single national government, which holds authority over all levels of government and exercises control over regional or local governments.

2. Division of Powers: In a federal government system, there is a clear delineation of powers between the central government and the regional governments. The central government usually has authority over matters that concern the entire nation, such as defense, foreign affairs, and national economic policy. The regional governments have powers over specific areas, such as education, healthcare, and transportation, within their respective jurisdictions. In a unitary government system, the central government has the ultimate authority and can delegate powers to regional or local governments as it sees fit. The regional or local governments derive their powers from the central government and can be modified or abolished by it.

3. Constitution: Federal government systems often have a written constitution that outlines the distribution of powers between the central and regional governments. The constitution acts as the supreme law of the land and provides a framework for governance. In a unitary government system, the central government may have a constitution that establishes its authority, but there may not be a clear distinction or allocation of powers to lower levels of government.

4. Inter-Governmental Relations: In a federal government system, inter-governmental relations are governed by principles of federalism, such as cooperative federalism or competitive federalism. States or regions collaborate or compete with each other while working within the framework of the central government. In a unitary government system, inter-governmental relations are largely determined by the central government, which exercises direct control over regional or local governments and coordinates policies and decision-making.

5. Flexibility and Uniformity: Federal government systems often provide greater flexibility and accommodate regional diversity. The regional governments can have different laws, policies, and administrative structures that reflect local needs and preferences. In a unitary government system, there is generally a greater emphasis on uniformity, with the central government establishing uniform laws and policies that apply throughout the country.

It is important to note that the specific characteristics and functioning of federal and unitary government systems can vary between countries. The degree of power decentralization, regional autonomy, and inter-governmental relations can differ based on the specific constitutional arrangements and historical context of each system.

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